Fairly consistently, the most common early spelling of the name appears to be 'Gyn' or 'Gynn'. Standards didn't exist, so names were recorded as they sounded. From these records, sparse as they are, we can see that early on the 'Gyn' or 'Gynn' name had already become quite dispersed in England by 1500. This list refers to records found and they appear to have no apparent connection to each other or to any current genealogy. No birth, marriage or death records have been found as yet and these records probably don't exist.
These are mainly court or land records, so they show a name with some information about something that happened, such as a transfer of land, a dispute, a tax record and the like. So the record shows a certain level of activity by people using the surname 'Gyn' in each county. As mentioned earlier, the pronunciation of the name was most likely with a soft 'G'. So the evolution of the name from 'Gyney' to 'Jenney' is easier to see than from 'de Guînes' (hard 'G') to 'Gyney'.
On the other hand, if it evolved from 'Guînes' to 'Gynn' (hard 'G') or 'Gwyn', for example, this may help to explain why some families now use the hard 'G'. It is certain that the evolution did not take the same course from place to place.
It is important to note that at present there is no known relationship between any of these men, as well as a few women. The same man may be referred to more than once in these records but, again, this is currently not known. It is also possible that some men have moved around and may be recorded in two, or more, counties. Names by county in date order, from earliest. List includes alternate spellings. There are likely other records that have not been found as yet.
It is also possible that the name developed in multiple locations without there being connection or knowledge of any other similar name, or names.
Earliest 'Gyn, Gynn or Gynne' name mentions; as well as name variants 'Genne, Gin, Ginn, Ginne, Guyn, Gyne' (from the below records):
Norfolk and then Essex, followed by Suffolk, Northamptonshire and Hertfordshire have the most frequent early references. Except for Norfolk, this is not very different from the data which shows the name occurrences in 1841, several hundred years later. If there were movement in the years between the medieval period (ending in about 1485) and the mid 1800s, this was usually within relatively short distances. In some cases, men moved to marry or for work or land. Sometimes, men, along with their families, relocated from rural to the nearest large city, usually for work. There are no 'Gyn, Gynn or Gynne' references before 1500 in Ireland or Scotland, that I have found.
(While Norfolk has the highest number of mentions, a closer look reveals that many on the references pertain to only a few men: See: List by Locality)
John Gyn's letters in 1436 or 1437 to John and William Paston indicate literacy as well as possible connections. (See note)
Roberto Gynne was witness to William Paston's will in 1419. (See note) An earlier example of social standing is 'John GYN of Clyve, whom the king, in 1339 appointed to supervise all ships and boats on either side of the Thames' (See note) Could this be the same man as John de Gynes, king's serjeant-at-arms in 1327? (See note)
In all, more than 200 early 'Gyn' records have been found with a date before 1500: most are in England, one in France, four in Wales. There are about 73 dating prior to 1360 and after 1360, there are about 127 records. I uses this as a date reference only because it is roughly the time that The Black Plaque struck England.
Earliest record found is "Ginn. N. and William Guenes, William Guenes or Guines of Normandy, 1180-98". (Recorded in 'The Norman People') (See note)
The earliest reference in Hertfordshire is "Richard Gynne or Ginn, 1307, Poll Tax/Lay Subsidy for Hertfordshire". (GHB)
Name, occupation, date of mention and location; if known. It is worth noting that at least eight of these men were churchmen; chaplain, parson or rector. Another, namely John Gynne, was rector of Exeter College at Oxford University in 1390. Another, Thomas de Gyne was a Knight.
'Gyn, Gynn, Gynne'
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Giney, Gyney, Gynnay, Gynney (No known connection)Family 'Gyney', most active in Norfolk and then Essex, is descended from 'de Guînes' and eventually the name became 'Jenney' with their main seat at Bredfield or Knodishall, Suffolk. This family was active from soon after the Conquest acquiring much land and many estates owing to their fealty to King William I. Here is a summary of the people found using the name 'Gyney', or a variant: Cambridgeshire
Essex
Hertfordshire
Lincoln
Norfolk
Oxfordshire
Rutland
Suffolk
Unknown location
Complete list: Gyney Background Files by Location and DateGeneys, Gines, Ginnes, Ginns, Gyens, Gynes, Gyns, Gynnes, GynnsSee: Gines (The Battle Abbey Roll) People using the surname 'Gynes' or variants were also active from the earliest of times after the Conquest, once again owing to their fealty to King William I. Most mentions are in Cambridgeshire, Essex and Herefordshire. Earliest references are in Cambridgeshire and Norfolk. Here is a summary of the people found using the name 'Gynes', or a variant: Bedfordshire
Buckinghamshire
Cambridgeshire
Cornwall
Essex
Gloucestershire
Herefordshire
Kent
LancashireLondon
Middlesex
Norfolk
Northampton
Oxfordshire
RutlandShropshire
Suffolk
Surrey
Westmoreland
YorkshireFrance
Ireland
Unknown location
Complete list: Gynes Background Files by Location and DateThe people in this column claim to be and most likely are descendants of 'de Guînes'. If there is a relationship, either by name or locality, it is very difficult to see. No way to tell if there are any connections. There seems to be a shortage of male descendants in the 'de Guînes' and many lines end abruptly. Possibly lines died out due to The Black Death, in battle or other causes. There are no records of the illegitimate children of Baudoin II and there may be up to 23. So, while we know they existed, these people are not included and we don't know where they went or even what name they went by. Take a look at: de Guînes Genealogy chart. Looking for connections: Evidence shows connections between Gyn and Basset spanning more than two hundred years but what does this mean?: In Rutland, is there a connection between William de Gyneye, 'Haverland Manor' and Walter de Gyn (Refers to Simon Basset); Walter de Gyn, before 1189, Belvoir (?) (See note) (Refers to Basset); Robert de Gines (Gin, Gisn) 1244-1247, Toleshunt in Essex (See note) (Refers to Fulk Basset, Bishop of London); Robert de Gynes, 1274 (See note) (Refers to Philip Basset) (See related); Robert de Gynes, 1345, Lancashire (See note) (Refers to William Basset) (see related); Also, a Richard Gyn, archer, served under Ralph Basset in France in 1373; William Gyn, 1401, Moulton, Northampton (See note, refers to Ralph Basset) (*??*) Robert de Guînes relationship with Fulk Basset: "In after times Robert de Guisnes gave to Fulk Basset, Bishop of London, the homage of Henry de Mark in this place. In 1251 the Count of Guisnes held Tolleshunt for two knights' fees, and Fulk Basset, brother and heir of the bishop, at his death in 1271, held it of the king in capite, by one knight's fee, of his honour of Boulogne", pg 50 ( The genealogical history of the Croke family, originally named Le Blount, vol. 1 by Croke, Alexander, Sir, 1758-1842) ... It was about 70 years later when in 1339, William de Herle conveyed the manor of Moulton to Ralph de Basset and granted "to William Gyn custody of the warren of Moulton for life". (See note) In Essex, is there a connection between John Gyney, 1317, Little Berdefeld (See note) and John Gyne, 1338, Little Berdefeld? (See note) Could they be the same man? In Essex, is there a connection between William de Gyney, 1344, Reylegh (See note) and John Gynes and Joan his wife, 1393, Raylegh? (See note) In Essex, is there a connection between Johannes Gynneye, 1346, Rocheford Hundred (See note) and Henry Gyne, 1346, Rochford? (See note) In Essex, is there a connection between Adam Gynes, 1387, Chelmersford (See note) and John Gyn, 1409, Chelmsford, IPM, 19-546? In Norfolk, is there a connection between Thomas Gyneye, 1392, Hindoveston (See note) and William Gyn, 1395, Hindolveston (See note) and Isobel Gynn, 1436, Hindolveston? (See note) Is there a connection between Robert Gynes, ND, Chippenham, Cambridgeshire, (mentions Moulton) (See note) and William Gyn, 1396, Moulton in Northamptonshire? (See note) In Yorkshire, is there a connection between Robert Ginns, between 1313-1317, York (See note) and Walter Gyn, chaplain, 1335, York? (See note) |
Roll A 31: AD: 1391-92
Roll of Memoranda of the time of Edward Dalyngregge, knight, warden of the city of London (fn. 1), in the sixteenth year of the reign of King Richard the Second (1392)
Membr. 1
6 July 1392.
"Whereas John Harmesthorpe, master of St Katherine by the Tower (fn. 2), placed a certain William Gynne, a boy of about ten years of age who was in his wardship, to school with Richard Exton near the Friars of the Holy Cross (fn. 3), certain of the friars came to the boy and told him to translate into Latin the words—"Y oblisshe me to be a frere of the croys" and when the boy had done so, one of the friars kissed him and said that all the bishops in England could not absolve him from becoming a friar of their order, and so they took the boy away on 4 July 1392 and dressed him in the habit of their order and withdrew him from the custody of the said Richard Exton. And when the latter complained to Edward Dalyngregge, warden of the city, praying for a just remedy, the warden on 5 July ordered the friars to send the boy to him, and next day, on the ground that the boy was of tender age and not of marriageable years and was a servant of the master of St Katherine, without whose consent he could not legally bind himself, and further because the friars had gained possession of the boy by deception, the warden sent him back to the master of St Katherine".
fn 2: The hospital of St Katherine by the Tower.
fn 3: The house of the crouched or crossed Friars in Hart Street in Aldgate Ward, now called Crutchedfriars.
(source: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/plea-memoranda-rolls/vol3/pp182-192)
Another possible reference: (location: Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire)
"Jenet Durand Chenet, Normandy, 1180 (MRS); Walter, William Gent, England, c. 1272 (RH). The Norman People, pg 296
For the listing of "Walter, William Gent" in the Rotuli Hundredorum referenced here in The Norman People, the source listing is shown on page 539 of Volume II of the RH (Edw. I) as "Wal"rm G'net". The first name is unclear and may be either a Walter or a William, but the surname is "G'net", not "Gent". The location appears to be in Long Stow Hundred, near Gamelingeye (now Gamlingay), South Cambridgeshire, England".
Note: MRS = Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normannie in the Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de Normandie (https://archive.org/details/mmoires07normgoog/page/n54/mode/2up)
See also: Jenney of Bredfield (and Knottishall). (Note: No known connection.)
It is interesting to note that one 'Elizebeth d. of GYNNE of Bedfford and Steuenidge eldest son married Edmond Nodes of Steuenidge in ... Hertfford 1553 +/-. He was at the winning of Bullen with Hen 8 et 28 h. 8' ... Family is 'Nodes of Tempford'. This is not the only instance of Gynne ancestors marrying well and is a hint that the 'Gynns' were a well placed and respected family. (See note)
There are other instances of 'Gynns' in ecclesiastical, jury, sheriff or other important roles, such as: George Gynne who was Governor of the County Prison, Castle-hill House in Norwich. (See note) Numerous 'Gynns' were certainly extensive land owners and yeoman farmers, albeit not of the landed gentry but were on the fringes of this social class. These, (and the above references) as well as other references such as places named after Gynns, like the 'Gyn Cottage' and 'Gynn Pounde' along with Gynn charities and endowments, are clues that 'Gynns' were important members of their Society. On the other hand, there are instances of Gyn's falling on the wrong side of the law, such as trespass, taking of animals illegally or debt claims against them. According to Michael Taylor, one Thomas Ginn was hanged in 1617 for stealing horses.
Hertfordshire
Most of these Hertfordshire men are probably related. Ginn, Gynn or Gynne in Hertford county records. (Date range, about 1643 - 1700) Ginn. Gynn or Gynne, Index Library records. (Date range, about 1518 - 1714) |
Other placesBerkshire
Cambridgeshire
Cornwall
Essex
France
Gloucestershire
Huntingdonshire
Kent
London
Norfolk
Northamptonshire
Somerset / Huntsfordshire
Staffordshire
Wiltshire
Yorkshire
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These two pages include the content of all background text files, highlights variants of 'Gyn', 'Gynn' , 'Ginn', etc in each file.
A collection of references found that relate to occurrences of 'Gynns' in Hertfordshire before 1500.
(**) = File: [ Early WAALT Findings ].
There are a couple of references that have been lost.